フレイルによりポリファーマシーが起こりやすいことは前述した通りであるが、フレイルや要介護の高齢者では、薬物有害事象(Adverse Drug Reactions:ADR)を引き起こすことにより病状を悪化させ、フレイルを悪化しかねない。高齢者のADRの頻度は若年者の約2倍、ADRによる緊急入院の頻度は若年者の約7倍といわれており、小柄な体格の患者や腎機能障害の患者ではフレイルの頻度が高いことが報告されている31、32)。体格や腎機能により薬物の分布や代謝、排泄などに影響が生じ、結果として薬効が強く出やすくなる傾向にある。また複数疾患を有する患者では処方医の多さは多剤になりやすい33)。さらに、うつや認知症のためにフレイルを有する患者では、薬のアドヒアランスの低下を来たしたり、薬物の中断により有害事象を来たしたりする可能性がある34)。
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